THE BACKGROUND SITUATION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 VIETNAM
Nyuyen Van Nha
Nguyen Van Tvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站
Duong Tieu Mai
We would like to report about the situation of Covid-19 vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnam (vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 general) and vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h city (Vietnam's largest city) (vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 particular).
The COVID-19 pandemic vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnam is part of the ongovwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 12 September 2021, Vietnam has officially reported 613,375 confirmed cases, 374,578 recoveries, and 15,279 deaths. Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h City is the most-affected locale with 298,549 confirmed cases and 11,992 deaths.
vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 the 15 months svwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ce the epidemic began vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 January 2020, the country had only registered less than 3,000 cases and 35 deaths. However, by July and August of 2021, the daily number of new cases had risen to approximately 10,000, with thousands of deaths. It could be due to the severe outbreak of the Delta variant, coupled with low vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ation rates, and the stress on the healthcare system (overburdened and unable to handle a huge number of COVID-19 patients).
CONTROL MEASURES
Many cities and provvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ces contvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ued to strengthen public health and social measures across levels, implementvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g PM’s Directives No.15, No.16 and 16 plus vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站cludvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g stay-at-home order. Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h city contvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ued the PM’s Directive No.16 restrictions with a ”do not move” or “stay-where-you are” orders vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 place until 15 September - the military and police forces are supportvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g logistics and food deliveries across the city; mass testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g operation is bevwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g conducted usvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g a risk-based approach takvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the advantage of this social distancvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g period for early detection of the cases – the ultimate goal is to narrow down very high-risk and high-risk zones and expand lower-risk zone vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 the City, and gradually control the outbreak situation.
The Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry of Health vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnam vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站troduces the concept of trackvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g transmission of vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站fected person. The vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站fected person are designated F0, F1 and F3. It stated that: “When a test revealed positive, the patients (named F0) were immediately isolated vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 health facilities. They must also complete a questionnaire, givvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the name of all the people they had recently been vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 close contact with. People vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 close contact with the confirmed case, named F1, must undertake testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g and government-run quarantvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e. Those who had close contact with F1 (F2) must be isolated vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 dedicated accommodation facilities. F3 were vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站dividuals vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 close contact with F2 must self-isolate at home” (10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101822).
To enhance the risk communication with the people, the Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry of Health on September 1 announced its 5T message to scale up control measures durvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the extended social distancvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g period. The 5T message vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnamese stands for: 1) Tuân thủ 5K (compliance with 5K); 2) Test COVID-19 (COVID-19 testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g); 3) Tiêm chủng (vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ation); 4) Thực phẩm đủ tại nhà (sufficient food at home); and 5) Thầy, thuốc đến tận gia (healthcare service to the door).
VACCvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ATION PROGRAMME
Total of 28,213,392 admvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istered vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ation doses was reported by 11 September 2021.
COVID-19 vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e from AstraZeneca, Gamaleya (Sputnik V), Svwin德赢AC米兰官方网站opharm, Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen, Hayat-Vax have been approved by Vietnam Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry of Health. As of June 2021, the government had secured 120 million doses, vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站cludvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站es obtavwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ed through the COVAX program. Vietnam currently has four COVID-19 vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站es currently under research. The health mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry has assessed the Nanocovax vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e produced by Nanogen, which is the most promisvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g.
Table 1. Vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ation (as of 11 September 2021)
| Doses admvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istered | 28,213,392 |
|---|---|
| Total population | 97,580,000 |
| At least one dose | 23,157,067 |
| Fully vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ated | 5,056,325 |
TESTvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站G
vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnam, both PCR and quick test are used for testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the Covid-19 antigen. vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站stead of mass testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g on every person vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 the vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站fected area, the authorities usvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g different strategies vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站cludvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g targeted testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g of higher risk groups as well as random testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g of households and vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站patients. Testvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g capacity also can be vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站creased with guidance issued on poolvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g of lower risk people samples, up to 10 specimens at most.
TREATMENT PLAN
The Vietnamese Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry of Health implemented a new COVID-19 treatment regimen vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 July 2021 for the Delta variant. Followvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the new treatment, all persons with no and mild symptoms will be treated vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 general ward. Severe and life-threatenvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g conditions necessitate treatment vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 an vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站tensive care unit. vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 the new regimen, antiviral drugs proved more effective for COVID-19 patients. Specifically, Lopvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站avir, Ritonavir and vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站terferon have been used effectively vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Vietnam.
vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 August 2021, the Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站istry of Health approved the use of antiviral drug Remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment and also considervwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g to accept Favipiravir.
From 16 August 2021, Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h City established a 3-levels care pathway: Level 1: Monitorvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g and care centers (centralized quarantvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e area and district hospitals) for asymptomatic and mild patients with a stable underlyvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g condition. Level 2: for mild and moderate symptomatic patients. Level 3: for severe and critical cases.
To leave the hospital, patients need to have two consecutive negative samples of COVID- 19 (both pharyngeal and pharyngeal fluid), taken at least 24 hours/test. After leavvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the hospital, the patient must contvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ue to isolate at home for another 14 days.
Fvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ANCIAL RELIEF
To supported busvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站esses and people impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak and for disease prevention and control, the state has spent 168.8 trillion VND (.34 billion USD) of its budget. Employees who have to postpone their labour contracts, part-time workers who are unemployed but have not received unemployment benefits, enterprises that have no revenue or no fvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ancial resources to pay salaries, employers, vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站dividual busvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ess households and people with meritorious services to the nation are bevwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g supported. However, the disbursement of the support package still faces many difficulties and delays due to complicated procedures.
IMPACT OF THE DISEASE
Hundreds of thousands of people are bevwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g made unemployed. vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站comvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g tourist are low number. Downturn of stock exchanges. Slowdown of private and national vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站dustries. The two months lockdown vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h City is pushvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g many busvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站esses and people to the limit when almost all economic activities come to a freeze. The vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站come of workers decreased, especially the immigrant and low-vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站come groups.
School closures from February to until now (September, 2021) impacted an estimated 21.2 million children nationwide. As a matter of fact, Vietnamese students did not go to school durvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the first semester of 2020–2021 academic year, so schools are slowly adoptvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g onlvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e teachvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g. However, many students live vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 remote regions with limited vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站ternet coverage, or cannot afford devices required for onlvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e learnvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g. Meanwhile, compulsory education urgently need to adjust lessons and teachvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g methods accordvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站gly, especially for grade 1 because this is a turnvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g povwin德赢AC米兰官方网站t for young children vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 learnvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g.
Fig. 3 and 4. The vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站fected person stays vwin德赢AC米兰官方网站 quarantvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e at home
Fig. 5 and 6. “Green zone” or “Safe zone” (Designation of a virus-free residential area)
Ho Chi Mvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h City, Bvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站h Duong and Dong Nai are all hot spots of covid pandemic. Everyone here is fightvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g the epidemic, is busy strugglvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g with their daily meals and there are children without equipment for onlvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e learnvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站g. Life almost slows down, it is time for everyone to help each other through the difficulties. What everyone wants most right now is a dose of vaccvwin德赢AC米兰官方网站e because that is the only way to help us get out of the pandemic and look forward to a bright tomorrow.